A 30g bowl of M&S Good Gut Apple & Cinnamon Overnight Oats contains 109 kcal, 4.4g of sugar (1.7g of free sugar), 2.4g of fibre and 5.7g of protein. With 125ml of semi-skimmed milk the bowl comes to 168 kcal and 10.3g of total sugar. It is classed as NOVA 4 (ultra-processed).
Of the 14.8g of sugar per 100g in Good Gut Apple & Cinnamon Overnight Oats, Boone counts 5.8g as free sugar. The rest (9.0g) is sugar in whole dried fruit and lactose from milk powder, which the NHS limit does not count. Method: total sugar less 4.0g from whole dried fruit and 5.0g lactose from milk powder (estimated where the pack gives no percentage).
Good Gut Apple & Cinnamon Overnight Oats is classed as NOVA 4, ultra-processed, because its ingredients include milk protein. These are industrial ingredients you would not use in a home kitchen. 1 of its 6 ingredients are of this kind.
Boone classifies processing from the published ingredient list using the NOVA system. Added vitamins and minerals are not counted as a marker of ultra-processing.